What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?

The major branches of linguistics include phonetics|phonology|morphology|syntax|semantics|pragmatics|sociolinguistics|psycholinguistics and applied linguistics|Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted|and perceived|Phonology studies how sounds form systems|and function to convey meaning|Morphology studies how morphemes are combined to form words|Syntax studies how morphemes and words|are combined to form sentences|Semantics studies meaning